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V. City Report
Haiphong (Vietnam)
Mr. Du Nang Khoa
Chief
Urban Planning Department Urban Planning Institute of Haiphong City
Haiphong is in the north of Vietnam. It is one of
the three largest cities in Vietnam and the largest seaport city. It
has a land area of 1,507 square kilometers. It has both heavy and light
industries, agriculture, fishing, foreign trade, and tourism.
Haiphong City lies on the right bank of the Cam River, at the
confluence of three rivers: the Cam, Lachtray, and Tambac. It has a
large suburb and a long seashore (125km) and several islands. Hanoi is
105km away. In general, Haiphong has two seasons, the dry season from
October to April and the rainy season in the summer. The city is
expanding to the east and the southeast. There are six satellite cities
around the central city. There are four districts in the city, each
with its own entertainment and sports centers. There are also cultural,
trade, banking and commercial areas.
The population of Haiphong is 1.7 million, 33 percent of whom live in
the urban area. The literacy rate is 96 percent, and the principal
religions are Buddhism and Catholicism.
There is a municipal government, but no state or
provincial government. The mayor is elected by the People's Assembly,
and the assembly is elected by the residents. The mayor and assembly
members serve four-year terms.
The main revenues of Haiphong City are taxes from businesses and
merchants. The city also receives funds from the central government.
The percentage is dependent upon the decision of the central
government. The city can also assess sales and income taxes on
residents.
Since 1995 the city has been carrying out a program with the name "Only
One Door," to reduce the number of officials in administration. We are
also trying to recruit higher quality personnel for local
administrative offices. In fiscal 2003 the city is facing financial
problems because the planned budget expenditures are larger than the
revenues.
Transportation needs include upgrading of roads, and a rail bridge over
the Cam River. Seaway lanes also need to be widened.
The master plan for 2020 has the objective of making Haiphong a
national central city, and a center of industry, commerce and tourism.
It should also be a center of administration, politics, economics and
culture.
Major problems facing the city include the water supply, solid waste
management, provision of public transportation, homeless people, and
pollution. The master plan calls for the water supply of 180 liters per
person per day by 2020.
Water is taken from the Gia and DaDo rivers, the An
Kim Hai channel, and also from underground at Tien Hoi. Water is
supplied to 79 percent of the residents. The goal is 90 percent for
2010. There are six main water supply facilities.
The rapid urbanization of Haiphong is causing a pollution problem. We
are still working to build a new water supply facility.
In Haiphong the wastewater and stormwater systems are combined. We hope
to be able to separate them to improve the hygiene for residents, but
funds are limited.
We have recently built a new water supply system in four inner
districts of the city, greatly improving the water supply condition in
that area.
Between 1993 and 1995 Finland financed a program to improve water
pressure throughout the city.
Previously Haiphong City had a flat charge for water users. Now meters
have been installed and charges are assessed by the amount of water
used. Residents are becoming more aware of the true costs and
difficulty involved in obtaining clean water.
The sewage service in the city covers 55 percent of the population, and
is a combined system for both wastewater and stormwater. Sewage in
Haiphong is not treated except in some modern industrial zones and at
hospitals. The city needs to begin treating solid waste and to expand
landfills. It also needs to limit land used for cemeteries, and create
plans for increased use of cremation.
The rapid urbanization has also brought into existence of many projects
that are sited close to water resources.
| Editor's Note: This article
is a summary of the City Reports at the 2003 Seminar. AUICK takes full
editorial responsibility for the content. |
Comparative Chart of Basic Data
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Larger View
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| CONTENTS |
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Newsletter No.42
Inside
FEATURE:
Population and Sustainable Water Resource Management In Urban Planning
1. The 2003
Seminar on Population and Sustainable Water Resource Management in
Urban Planning
2. Population and Water Resource Management
3. Water Environment Preservation and
Sustainable Water Resource Management in Urban Areas
4. Water Resource Management of Kobe City
5. City Reports
Chittagong, Bangladesh
Tianjin, China
Chennai, India
Surabaya, Indonesia
Kuantan, Malaysia
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Olongapo, Philippines
Khon Kaen, Thailand
Haiphong,
Vietnam
6. UNFPA Seminar on Population, Water and
Gender in Asia
7. AUICK Presented New Project Proposal for
the years 2004-2007 to UNFPA
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