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The 2004 Baseline Survey
on Millennium Development Goals
in AACs
Chapter 8 Danang, Vietnem
CONTENTS
1.1.
City Administrative Mechanism
1.2. City Administrative Management Mechanism 1.3. Some Local Projects Having Positive Impacts on Local Living Conditions over the Recent Years 2.1.
Danang's Population since 1997 to Date
2.2. Projection of Danang City's Population Through 2015 3.1.
Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
3.2. Achieve Universal Primary Education 3.3. Promote Gender Equaliy and Women's Empowerment 3.4. Reduce Child Mortality 3.5. Improve Maternal Health 3.6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Sicknesses 3.7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability 4.1. Air Quality
4.2. Water Quality 4.3. Water Quality and Waste Management 4.4. Traffic Flows 4.5. Traffic Helth 4.6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Sicknesses 4.7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability 1. DANANG CITY GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE 1.1. City Administrative Mechanism Law and documents related to the local administration
Head of Danang City is titled Chairperson of the Municipal People's Committee The People's Committee Chairman (Mr. Hoang Anh Tuan is currently holding the post), is also the Municipal People's Council Deputy who is elected by the Municipal People's Council, in line with the Law on Organisation of the People's Council and People's Committee. Municipal People's Council function, Municipal People's Council elections, and deputies to the Municipal People's Council
The citizens of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, regardless ethnic group, sex, social class, religions, education, professions and residential terms, who are above 18 years old, have right to run for the People's Council seats. Danang is a city with a population of an approximate 800,000 directly under the Central Government. Under the Law on the People's Council Elections, a city directly managed by the Central Government with a population of under 1 million is allowed to elect 50 deputies to the People's Council. Deputies to the People's Council at the municipal as well as precinct, district, village or ward levels will be elected on the basis of constituencies and of more than five representatives. The exact number and the list of names of constituencies and of the deputies for each constituency in a city under direct management of the Central Government are decided by the Municipal People's Committee and approved by the Central Government. The People's Council term is fixed at five years from the first session of the under-reviewed legislature to the first session of the following legislature. Public involment in municipal administration People can engage in the municipal administration through electing the People's Council. The People's Council is a state authority at the local level, representing the will, aspirations and the rights to self-mastery of the people. The people's Council is elected by the local people and holds reponsibility before local population and higher-ranking authorities. The People's Committee is elected by the People's Council to execute the People's Council decisions. The People's Committee is a state administrative agency at the local level, which holds reponsibilities before the People's Council at the same level and higher-ranking state agencies. Areas under management of the municipal administration (People's Committee)
Figure 8.1. Map of Vietnam showing Danang  Citizens'
rights Citizens rights are spelled out in great details, giving them rights to information, decision-marking, a voice in local affairs, and responsibilities in supervision. There four subheading under which are listed 30 specific items of citizens' rights. Policies towards private economic sector The city government has an extensive authority over the private economic sectors and can act to encourage investment and development. The long list od specific areas od activity are spelled out in an appendix. 1.2. City Administrative Management Mechanism Organization Chart of the Danang Municipality  Strength
of staff working for a city's
administrative mecanism
Municipal budgets and other financial sources
1.3. Some Local Projects Having Positive Impacts on Local Living Conditions over the Recent Years Ba Na-Suoi Mo tourist project
Danang Water Park
Danang Supermarket
Figure 8.2. Map of Danang City and local of three projects  2.1. Danang's Population since 1997 to Date General remarks The population of Danang City is rather young. According to the figures from a population survey on 1 April 2004 roughly summed up by the Danang Statistics Department (still unpublished), the average age of the city's population is 30.4 and the median age 28.7.
Table 8.1. Danang crude birth rates 1998-2002  It is forecasted that the natural increase rate will continue to drop in many years to come and will be stabilized by 2005. Figure 8.3. Annual population growth and female population growth 
Table 8.2. Number of birth and death  Figure 8.4. Annual population growth compared with figure of 1996  Figure 8.4 shows that urbanization is a contining process. The rural population has slowed its growth, but the urban population of the city continues to grow more rapidly. The chart below of growth rates shows the same thing. The rural growth rate has virtually stoipped, but the urban population is growoing at an increasing rate. Figure 8.5. Annual population growth  Figure 8.6. Danang population pyramids
by year  The migrant population fluctuation rather than the natural (births and deaths) fluctuation mainly affects changes in population structure. On the other hand, the data collected through surveys are sample data, hence some certain errors can be expected. However, this fluctuation that took place within only four years has reduced the under-10 population and tended to increase the population within the 20-35 age bracket. 2.2. Projection of Danang City's Population Through 2015 The growth of the city’s population in the future can be projected according to the following patterns:
Figure 8.7. Graph of population projections  3. UN MILLIENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS) 3.1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Table 8.3. MDG Target for 2015: Halve the population of peopel liveing on less than a dollar a day and those who suffer from hunger  Issueses of poverty and the living standard According to the results of a survey on living standards conducted in 2002, 64.5 percent of the population live on less than USD 1 /day and 91.8 percent of the population live on USD 2/day in 2002. This is a rather high proportion and a difficulty from the starting point to achieve the MDG. At the same time, the proportion living under the Nationally defined Poverty Line has declined steadily from near 7 percent in 2000 to less than 2 percent in 2003. This indicates that the USD 1 or USD 2 per day criteria are not applicable in Danang. Even with very small amounts of money, people are still above the nationally defined poverty line. Moreover, there are problems with the calculation of exchange rates. In the Human Development Index (HDI) calculation made by the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences, the GDP calculating technique by the proportionate purchasing power (PPP) has been applied. If a change coefficient is applied, 2,807VND will correspond to USD 1. Supposing that price fluctuations in Da Nang city corresponds to those of the country and this coefficient did not change from 1999 to 2002 (in reality, the consumer price index in Da Nang city fluctuated more slowly than that of the country), so, according to the above-said calculation method, only 0.2 percent of the population lived on less than USD 1/day and 7.9 percent of the population lived on less than 2 USD/day in 2002. According to the annual report of the municipal Board for Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction, the number of poor households by criterion 1143 (150,000 VND/person/month for urban area and 100,000 VND/person/month for rural areas in the low land) has continually dropped every year and since the end of 2000 so far, there has been no hunger households and by the end of August 2004, there were only 1,288 poor households, accounting for 0.9 percent. In this proportion, only poor households were included and not counting small-sized households short of manpower. At present, this poverty criterion 1143 is considered not appropriate to a developing city and the city is formulating a new, more appropriate poverty criterion in order to enhance the community and administration’s responsibilities towards the urban poor. Data on the monthly income per capita are based on the results of the surveys of household’s economy in 1999 and 2002. The data for 2001 and 2003 were not available as no survey was made. However, the unofficial results of a household survey in 2004 show that the monthly income per capita in Da Nang is 585,260 VND Da Nang city’s income per capita in 2002 ranked sixth nationwide. The annual average growth rate recorded in the 2002-2004 period is 11.61 percent (urban area: 9.8 percent and rural areas: 20.8 percent). Figure 8.9. Annual index of GDP & income per capita  The indicator “the consumption level of 20% of the poorest compared to the consumption level of the country at present” is calculated on the results of the household economy surveys in 2002 and 2004 while the figures for 2002 and 2004 are 11 percent and 10.1 percent respectively. Employment issue Da Nang city’s unemployment rate was considered stable and reasonable (if one does not want to call it normal) for a developing city. This rate is based on the results of the annual surveys on labour and employment (whose calculations covered seven days before the time the survey was made) and was calculated for the urban areas. The rate of underemployment still stands at a high level. Table 8.4. Annual data on employment in Vietnam  An unemployed person is one who is 15 and above years of age belonging to the group of population engaged in economic activities who in the week the inquiries were made was jobless but had a requirement and was willing to work but unable to find employment. In some other documents such as the Census and Housing Survey conducted on 1 April 1999, unemployment is stipulated as encompassing those, who in the 12 months before the survey, were unemployed and had declared that they had a requirement for employment. For this reason, there is a great difference between the unemployment rate accoring to the Census and Housing Survey and the one made public in 1999. As such, the unemployment rate according to the Census and Housing Survey cannot be used for comparison with the unemployment rate found by the annual survey on labor and employment. There are two sources for unemployment rates from 1997 to 2004 and though both data use the results of the annual survey on labor and employment, they are different because the General Statistics Office made a quick synthesis of the results regarding the urban while the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) also made another synthesis (with regional adjustment). The data published by the General Statistics Office are lower than those by the MOLISA and were used to work out the above-mentioned target "rate of employed laborers." Underemployed laborers (who are still called laborers with irregular work) are defined in the annual surveys on labor and employment in accordance with the following stipulations:
At present, in the above-said table, underemployed labourers are those who were underemployed during seven days before the surveys (1/7) with the stipulation for the actual working time for the past seven day as 40 hours before 2003 and 35 hours after 2003.
The calculation of the number of underemployed people is based on the proportion of the number of underemployed people in the total number of working labourers drawn from the results of the annual survey on labour and employment made public by the MOLISA. Due to a change in the stipulated working time, there is a sudden change in the proportion of underemployed in 2003 compared to the previous years. Issues of children’s health and nutrition The targets on children’s malnutrition are based on the data collected from sample surveys conducted by the Da Nang Health Department in coordination with the Ministry of Health’s Nutrition Department through the years. This proportion keeps decreasing continually with years. Figure 8.10. Under-five children malnutrition  In regard to the indicator “proportion of population living under the minimum nutrient consumption level”, reference can be made to the proportion of households poor in food and foodstuffs. According to official note No. 560/TCTK-XHMT dated24 August, 2003 regarding the synthesis of a survey of the living standards in 2002, the proportion of poor households by the norm of food and foodstuff poverty gathered in the year of the survey is 1.83 percent. It should be added that at present, there are no hunger households in Da Nang city. The eradication of hunger households was completed by the end of 2000. Summary With these various indicators, it is cleare that Danang has come very close to meeting the MDG of eliminating extreme poverty. The numbers of very poor are small and have declined over the past few years. There are no households living with extreme hunger. The unemployment rates are modest, and the general level of income is quite reasonable. Problems remain in the area of child nutrition, but here, too, progress continues to be made. 3.2. Achieve Universal Primary Education Table 8.5. Achieve universal primary education of Danang  As the data of the primary education are not complete, the following related targets have been suggested for replacement or further reference:
According to the Census and Housing Survey on April 1, 1999, the proportion of illiterate population in the age bracket 15-24 is 1.52 percent (1.62 percent for men and 1.41 percent for women) and the proportion of illiterate population in the age bracket 15-55 is 2.57 percent (1.68 percent for men and 3.45 percent for women). The average education funding per primary education pupil is a regular spending for one pupil that encompasses funding from State budget and financing and contributions from community. Besides, reference can be made to the costs for one primary education graduate. These data are based on the (draft) report of the Education Plan for All carried out by the Department of Education and Training in 2004. With regard to the gender policy in education in general, satisfactory results have been achieved in the matter of gender equality. The following table presents the proportion of enrolment of first-form girl pupils compared to that of first form girl and boy pupils: Table 8.6. Proportion of enrolment of girls pupils grade 1  Regarding illiteracy work: Da Nang city was recognized as achieving the national target for illiteracy eradication from Jan. 1997. Nevertheless, some proportions of the population still lie in the scope of illiteracy eradication and continue to attend annual literacy courses. According to a report from the education sector, by August 2004, in Da Nang city:
Summary Again, the variety of indicators shows that Danang has already met the MDGs for primary education. Virtually all primary school aged children are in school, the great majority of children continue on to completion, and there are no differences between girls and boys. It is also clear that government investments in education are a high priority and funds have increased steadily through the past years. We can expect that as Vietnam achieves greater economic development, the resources provided to education will increase substantially. 3.3. Promote Gender Equaliy and Women's Empowerment MDG Targets for 2005 and 2015: Eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015. Table 8.7. Gender wquality and woman's empowerment  Indicators on gender are not complete and not identical from years to years, therefore the collection of data met with many difficulties. The proportion of women representatives in the People’s Councils at all levels in the 1999-2004 tenure is 24.4 percent at municipal level, 21.9 percent at precinct and district levels and 22.6 percent at ward and commune levels. The city has two out of total six National Assembly woman deputies in the 2002-2006 Legislature. The following figures on the proportion of female students against male students at all education levels reveal that girls account for a greater proportion at higher education levels: Table 8.8. Proportion of female students by levels  According to the Census and Housing Survey on 1 April, 1999, the proportion of illiterate population in the age bracket 15-24 is 1.52 percent (1.62 percent for men and 1.41 percent for women) and the proportion of illiterate population in the age bracket 15-55 is 2.57 percent (1.68 percent for men and 3.45 percent for women). It can be said that gender discrimination in general education in the present stage is insignificant, the present disparities are mainly caused by the vestiges of the process of discriminations left by previous generations. However, gender disparities at tertiary education still exist with female students accounting for over one-third of students at tertiary education. Gender disparities are also seen in the labour and employment area though their manifestation is not clear. Table 8.9. Female employment  Summary Although some gaps and inconsistencies exist in the data, it is clear that gender discrimination in Danang is quite low. Girls equal or slightly outnunmber boys in primary and secondary school, though they are behind boys in tertiary education. Women are in city and state lesislative offices, but they are only one-quarter to one third of males. Women are fully active in the labor force, though they are slightly disadvantaged in rural unemployment. In this rspect, Danang shares with the rest of Southeast Asia a relatrively high degree of female autonomy. Gender inequality is a far greater problem ineast or South Asia than in Southeast Asia. MDG Target for 2015: Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five Table 8.10. Reduce under-5 mortality  The indicator for mortality rate among under-5 children is calculated from the data of mortality among under-5 children provided by the municipal Health Department with calculation according to the following (international) stipulations:  According to assessments, the manifestation of this target in Da Nang is rather low compared with the central region and the country. The target “Proportion of 1-year-old children inoculated with all the six vaccines” is classified in the agent target in place of indicator target. In this target, calculation was based on the actual number of children inoculated and the number of children listed; therefore the number of children actually vaccinated is greater than the number listed (due to repeated inoculation, vaccination for children with registration for temporary residence and children registered with their mothers, etc.). The city’s infant mortality rate has been low for many years. The average agent target of budgetary funding for mothers and children’s health care per person is calculated by dividing the total budget funding for mothers and children’s health care and the budget funding for SDD prevention and control for under-5 children by the average population/year. The average number of health workers and the average number of physicians are reference targets. In this document, due to restriction of data collection, the scope of calculation of the above-said two targets is different: the target of physicians for 10,000 people includes physicians present in the city while the target of health workers serving medical treatment only encompasses the staff under the municipal Health Department’s management. The number of health workers in the area of mothers and children’s health care is restricted to the data collected from the Centre for Mothers and Children’s Health Care and Family Planning and teams under precinct and district’s health services. Poverty alleviation and hunger programs In the 2001-2003 period, the anti-poverty and hunger work took place on a large scale in Da Nang city with the following contents: Table 8.11. Results of the hunger eradiction and poverty reducation program  Programs carried out from 2001 to 2003
Summary The millennium Development Goal for child mortality has been almost completely achieved. Child and infant mortality are very low, though they appear tohave increased in the past two years. This should be cause for concern and further study. It is also clear that the porogress made in this aspect of welfare is due to government investments in health and welfare services. There are increasing numbers of doctors and nurses and welfare workers, and there are strong programs to assue that the poor receive good nutrition, which is a major factor in reducing child and infant mortality. 3.5. Improve Maternal Health MDG Target for 2015: Reduce by three-quaters the ratio of women dying in childbirth Table 8.12. Imrprove maternal health  The number of women who died in childbirth in Da Nang city has been very low for a great number of years. This is an actual situation. This is the result of the satisfactory operations by the family planning work, reproductive health care and ward/commune’s health care network. According to the municipal Health Department and data from annual reports, at present almost 100 percent of pregnant women are taken care of, monitored and there was no case of delivery without skilled health workers’ intervention and assistance. A report on the results of a survey on the actual situation of providing and using reproductive health care services in Da Nang city conducted in June 2003 produced other outcomes as follows:
References for the proportion target of disseminating birth control methods are made from:
References for the target “needs that have not yet been satisfied regarding birth control measures” are made from the following contents: The indicator and agent targets have been arranged and added with indicator on care for pregnant women. Summary Here, again, the data show that Danang has achieved the goals for maternal health. As in other cases, this is due to rapidly expanded health, welfare and family planning services that reach virtually all of the people. 3.6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Sicknesses MDG Target for 2015: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and the incidence of malaria and other major diseases. Table 8.13. To 2015, halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS  The first HIV infected case was found in Da Nang city in April 1993. To date (August 2004), 563 cases of testing HIV positive have been uncovered in the city, of whom 222 were AIDS patients and 204 persons died of AIDS. The number of HIV infected cases keeps increasing annually and tends to rise sharply since 2000. Figure 8.11. Number of cases affected HIV/AID in Danang by year  The latest report from the Da Nang Preventive Medicine Centre on HIV/AIDS reveals that
The target for HIV spread in pregnant women within the age bracket 15-24 is zero for all the years, which is the practical data monitored for many years. Besides, reference documents show that among women who tested HIV positive, those infected from their husband’s account for 27.2 percent. HIV infection through pregnancy recorded 9 cases in 10 years and the age bracket of mothers was not known. The proportion of degree of common use of condoms is incalculable. Reference can only be made to the fact that married women within the age bracket 15-49 use them regularly. Additionally, a study document of the Da Nang Preventive Medicine Centre reveals that 68 percent of commercial sex workers in karaoke parlours and 55.1 percent of street commercial sex workers did not use condoms on a regular basis when having sex with clients. Following are programmes of action and measures for HIV/AIDS control:
Summary HIV/AIDS is a rising prolem for Danang, especially in the past few years. It appears to be concentrated in a migrant drug using, male population. Government attention and resources to the problem have increased rapidly along with the prolem, an extensive educational campaign is underway and it is hoped that we will reach a stable position in the near future. 3.7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability MDG Targets:
Table 8.14. MDG targets for ensuring environmental sustainability  At present, data are not available with regard to the following indicators:
Forest indicators Indicators on the rate of forest coverage are the proportion of land with forests (natural and planted forests) against the total area of natural land. Following are the latest figures on forests according to the results of a forest inventory on 21 December, 2002:
There is no virgin forest in Da Nang. Specialised purpose forests are also prohibited ones that comprise Son Tra and South Hai Van forests aimed at maintaining biological diversity. Indicators on water Indicators on the proportion of population with access to safe water and budgetary funding for provision of safe water are supplied by a Report to review 10 years implementing the Prime Minister’s Directive No 200/TTg on ensuring safe water and rural environment’s hygiene for Da Nang city. At present, there are no complete data regarding the target on the number of households having sustainable access to safe water. Some data are available but they differ, as there are various concepts on safe water. Results of the Census and Housing Survey conducted on April 1, 1999 with the concept of safe drinking water (encompassing running, rain and hygienic well water [i.e. being distanced from polluting sources, filtered, odourless, colourless and tasteless]) show that up to 92.7 percent of households have access to safe drinking water. Figure 8.12. Map of access to clean drinking waer as of 1 April 1999  Table 8.1. From results of household economy survey 2002 and 2004  Indicators on using latrines According to the results of the Census and Housing Survey conducted on April 1, 1999, the number of households using auto- and semi-catalytic septic tanks and suitlabs represents 63.3 percent of the total number of households, of which the rural area accounts for 22 percent. The above-said Census and Survey also reveal that the percentage of households that have no latrines or use nonhygienic latrines is very low (mainly in the rural area and coastal fishing villages due to time-honoured practice and economic conditions). In the inner-city, a number of households still have no latrines or use nonhygienic latrines, ranging from 10% (Hai Chau precinct) to 17 percent (Thanh Khe precinct). Figure 8.14. Map of access to durable house as 1 April 1999  Table 8.17. Results of the Household Economic Survey 2002-2004  It is also important to note that above mentioned classification of housing is not very practical. The Housing Management Company of Danang city notes that there are about 545 households living in 71 "collective residential blocks" built before 1975 and other 6 blocks built before 1980. Although they belong to durable housing, they are almost have been damaged, or lack lighting, or are unsafe or unsanitary. Some flats even have no toilets. At present, Danang enters the final phase of elimination of slum areas, and it is projected that at the end of this year, Danang will have no more slums. Summary Environmental protection has become a major aim of government. This includes both safeguarding forests and providing people with safe water and sanitation facilities. Although the data differ and show some problems, for the most part the city’s citizens are well served with water and sanitation. 4. URBAN INDICATORS: TO PROVIDE CONTINUTY WITH THE FIVE CITIES STUDY Table 8.18. Air Quality  Indicatoprs SPM (Suspended Particulate Metter) and API (Air Pollution Index) are not availabe as Department of Resouces and Environment (DRE) does not have collection capacities. Other indicators such as NOX, CO2, SO2, CO are provided by DRE only data on number observations/tests, resuls of which are over beyond Natioanal standards. The indicator on "Gasoline comsumption" is calculated based on dats of the Gasoline Company - the main agent providing gasoline for Danang City. Some other providers, ie. Airline, Train, gasoline are not included. The indicator on Coal consumption" is calculated based on vulume consumpted for production (by prices of 1994) then, devided by 1994's price of clean coal that is VND 253,000 /ton. Table 8.19. Water Quality  The indicator of BOD is not pulished (by Department of Resources and Environment). It may be inferred from the data on number observations / tests results that are above national stadards. See tables below showing various measure of water quality at different sites. Table 8.20. Number of times above TCVN 5943-1995 (on beach)  Table 8.21. Number of times above TCVN 5943-1995 (other purpose)  Table 8.22. River water-Number times above TCVN 5942-1995 (B)  Table 8.23. Lake water-Number times above TCVN 5942-1995 (B)  Data on fecal count are not available as Department of Resources and Environment does not collect this data. 4.3. Water Quality and Waste Management Table 8.24. Water quality  Table 8.25. Waste management  Piped water consumed has risen over the past four years from 13 millions to more than 17 millions cubic meters. On a per capita basis this implies a rise from XX to XX cubic meters in these four years. This represents a substantially, zausing a corresponding increase in funds and personnel assigned to the task. This can be considered a normal result of the city's economic development, but it also identifies a problem that the city government will have to address. Projects to promote consevation, reducing consumption and reusing or recycling wastes will come in the near future. Table 8.26. Traffic flows  Table 8.27. Traffic health  Number of accidents is calculated on land only. Accidents on water and train lines are not included. Number of vehicles is calculated on civic and registered ones. The vihicles of Military units and foregin agencies operating in the city are not included. Besides that, there are about 400 minitractors "cong nong" (made in localities with low quality and safety that are operating in the city, also not included. As in many developing countries, the number of vehicles is growing rapidly. Registered cars rose from 11,000 to 16,000 in just three years; motor bikes more than dodoubled from 127,000 to 258,000 in the same period. This meant greater crowding, as the vehicles per kilometers of road rose from 507 to 600, despite the 18 percent increase of road length from 385 to 456. Despite the increase of vehicles, the accidents, injuries and deaths per vehicle have declined. Danang is having some success in addressing its traffic problems. Summary Data are not available on air quality. The increase of motorbile and motorcycles has been substantial, but the growth of cars and trucks has been more modest. We can expect that air quality may have deteriorated somewhat. Water quality and quantity appear to pose no problems at this time. Traffic flows seem manageable, and the rate of traffic accidents, injuries and deaths has declined. It can be expected, however, that with further economic growth the number of vehicles will increase and we may face more serous traffic problems in the future, for which planning should begin now. The waste generated percapita is increasing rather rapidly, as it tends to do with economic growth. The city must now pay greater attention to conservation and recycling efforts to address this proglem.
Appendix: Policies towards the Private Economic Sector 1. Support for market and trade promotion operations According to Regulation No.72/2004/QD-UB issued on 26 April 2004 by the Municipal People's Committee, stipulating the support for market and trade promotion moves for the following activities.
2. Some perferential policies to encourage domestic investments According to Regulation No. 51/2004/QD-UB issued on 10 March 2004 on preferential policies to encourage domestic investment in Danang City.
3. Some policies encouraging foreign investment According to Regulation No. 50/2004/QD-UB by the Da Nang People’s Committee on stimulus policies to attract foreign direct investment.
Those projects with capital of 10 million USD upwards will enjoy two more brace years for land lease. |
