Crime. The final area in which the summary category score masks some differences among the individual elements is crime. While there is astrong correlation between problem scores among the five specific elements of crime (Correlation coefficients range from +.53 to +.72 with an average of +.62), there are signibcant differences both by the type of crime and by country. By type of crime, overall violent and property crimes and drug abuse constitute the most serious problems. Prostitution and organized crime are considered less serious, as can be seen in table 23.

There are also country differences, some of which are expected, and others somewhat surprising. For the most part Japan has less serious crime problems in alI categories. Only 5 percent of all Japanese responses were in the urgent or serious problem calegory, while 60% were in the satisfactory or advantageous category. The view of Japan as a relatively crime free society is well reflected in the views of its own urban administrators. For Japan the most serious categories are organized crime and drug abuse, but even here only 2 cities find these to be urgent or serious probIems.

Table 23
Problem Perceptions for Five Specific
Elements of the Crime Summary Category

The poorer countries have more serious problems than Japan in all categories, and for them prostitution and organized crime are also the least troublesome problems. But the poorer countries also differ in the seriousness of drug problems. They are reported to be most serious in the Philipplines, where all the administrators report see this as an urgent or serious problems. Half of the Pakistani, Malayslan and Thai administrators also consider drugs a serious or urgent problem. Drugs are far less a problem in the eyes of the Chinese and Indonesian administrators. The single administrator from Kathmandu also reports the drug issue to be satisfactory.

Korea represents an interesting Case. Crime is considered by the administrators a more serious problem here than in either Japan or the other low income countries. Korea has the largest number of responses in the urgent and serious category, 36% compared with 5% for Japan and 28% for the other low income Countries. Violent crime is considered serious by more than half (56%) of the Korean administrators, compared with 7% of the Japanese and 29% for the low income countries. Prostitution and organized crime are also seen tobe more serious by the Korean administrators than by all others. It may be that the Korean development miracle has other costs than pollutjon and trafnc congestion.