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AUICK
Study Course on ICPD and Health Care 1998
Report
on Haiphong City
Dr. Dao Thi Chut
Deputy Director
Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Center of Haiphong
City
Haiphong, Vietnam
1. The
Implementation
of Child Health Care and Family Planning Programme
The
commune-based health
care network of the city has been strengthened and reequiped
considerably recently.That improves services for maternal and child
health care and family planning. Medical services related to maternal
and child health care and family planning are carried out by obstetric
doctors and obstetricians.
The family planning
system has been formed since 1992 and works productively. These two
systems operate in close cooperation with each other.
Since
1963, the
Population and Family Programme has been implemented in Haiphong along
with the whole country. During these 30 years the local authorities and
social organizations of youth, women, farmers paid constant and close
attention to implementation of the programme. There are specialists
staff doctors operating at all levels, from city to commune. They
educate, guide people and carry out services on the spot. These efforts
have brought good results as showed at tables below:
Table
1: Demographic Trend
| Years |
Population
|
Birth
Rate (%)
|
Death
Rate (%)
|
Population
Growth Rate (%) |
| 1990 |
1,485,000 |
25.70 |
5.82 |
19.88 |
| 1991 |
1,517,800 |
24.82 |
5.47 |
19.35 |
| 1992 |
1,556,500 |
24.26 |
6.00 |
18.26 |
| 1993 |
1,558,000 |
23.60 |
5.80 |
17.80 |
| 1994 |
1,654,200 |
22.80 |
5.80 |
17.00 |
| 1995 |
1,647,600 |
21.87 |
5.67 |
16.20 |
| 1996 |
1,629,258 |
20.50 |
5.50 |
15.00 |
| 1997 |
1,643,270 |
19.50 |
5.80 |
13.70 |
Comments:
The population growth rate reduced due to the birth rate coming down.
The number of married couples in reproductive age applying
contraceptive methods has been increased from year to year.
Table
2: Proportion of Married Couples Applying Contraceptive Methods and the
Birth Rate
| Year |
Number
of married couples (A)
|
Those
applied
contraceptive methods (B) |
Rate
(B)/(A)=%
|
Birth
Rate
|
Population
Growth Rate % |
| 1990 |
272,047 |
120,625
|
44.34 |
25.70 |
19.88 |
| 1991 |
278,486 |
140,382 |
50.41 |
24.82 |
19.35 |
| 1992 |
286,270 |
148,479 |
51.87 |
24.26 |
19.26 |
| 1993 |
297,570 |
175,336
|
50.92 |
23.60 |
17.80 |
| 1994 |
306,257 |
176,083 |
57.50 |
22.80 |
17.00 |
| 1995 |
313,138 |
182,092 |
58.15
|
21.87 |
16.20 |
| 1996 |
319,690 |
198,000 |
61.93 |
20.50 |
15.00 |
| 1997 |
447,340
|
268,627
|
60.05
|
19.50 |
13.70
|
Comments:
Rate of married couples of age 15-49 using contraceptive methods
increases to reach 60.05% in the year 1997. Thanks to this increase,
the birth rate and population growth rate of the city came down.
Table
3: Contraceptive Use
| Year |
Total
No of users |
IUD |
Pill |
Sterilization
|
Condom |
| No of users |
% |
No of users |
%
|
No of users |
% |
No of users |
% |
| 1990 |
54,642 |
36,181
|
66.21 |
2,790 |
5.11
|
340 |
0.62 |
15,331 |
28.06 |
| 1991
|
67,464 |
41,790 |
66.94
|
2,180 |
4.71 |
427 |
0.63 |
22,068 |
32.71 |
| 1992
|
63,404 |
39,787
|
45.92
|
4,622 |
7.30 |
647 |
1.02 |
18,348 |
28.93 |
| 1993 |
90,791 |
53,500 |
62.75 |
5,339 |
5.88 |
4,647 |
5.12 |
27,300 |
30.07 |
| 1994 |
73,712 |
33,855 |
58.93 |
3,888 |
5.27 |
3,356 |
4.55 |
32,613 |
44.24 |
| 1995 |
78,159 |
38,347 |
49.06 |
3,703 |
4.73
|
2,143
|
2.74 |
33,966 |
43.35 |
| 1996 |
83,014 |
48,092
|
57.93 |
6,945 |
8.36
|
1,958 |
2.35
|
20,019 |
31.34 |
| 1997 |
76,824 |
45,013 |
58.59 |
8,428 |
10.97 |
1,227 |
1.60 |
22,156 |
28.04 |
Comments:
The population and family planning programme have diversified the usage
of contraceptive methods among the people of Haiphong.
The tendency of applying contraceptive methods is that for recent years
sterilization, condom and pill became more popularand IUD methods is
less used.
In regard to the age groups of opulation the usage of confraceptive
methods has also been changed.
Table
4: Application of Contraceptive Methods Among Women
| Age |
No
of investigated Women |
Methods
applied |
Total
Users |
Rate
(%) |
| IUD |
Sterilization |
Pill |
Condom |
15-19
|
4
|
119 |
|
|
1
|
1
|
25.00 |
| 20-24 |
289 |
300 |
|
10
|
62 |
191
|
66.08 |
| 25-29 |
663 |
299 |
10
|
23 |
166 |
499 |
72.26 |
| 30-34 |
673 |
262 |
25
|
27 |
185 |
539 |
79.76 |
| 35-39 |
696
|
128 |
46 |
27 |
194 |
529 |
76.00 |
| 40-44 |
464 |
48
|
55 |
8 |
132 |
323 |
69.61 |
| 45-49 |
259 |
1,156
|
30 |
6 |
53
|
137 |
52.89 |
| Total: |
3,048 |
|
166 |
101 |
793 |
2,216 |
72.70 |
Comments:
The number of married women in reproductive age of 15 to 49 using
contraceptive methods is 72.70%
For the age group of 30 to 34 the rate of using contraceptive methods
is the highest: 79.76%
The
Population and Family
Programme helped to keep the birth rate in Haiphong at the lowest level
in Vietnam.
In 1996 the birth rate of the country was 26.72% whereas the birth rate
of Haiphong is only 20.50%
2.
Maternal
and Child Health Care Service in Haiphong
Maternal and child health care services are carried out through
following activities:
- Reproductive health education and propaganda being carried out
regularly in intensive and diversified forms,aimed at different
population groups as women, the youth, peasantry, trade unions. The
school programme also includes reproductive health education to raise
the consciousness of the matter from young citizens.
- The women's health care service system throughout urban and rural
areas to check, cure the women problems and disease and to provide
family planning services.
- Nationwide and effective inoculation against contagious disease for
women and children.
That is why the maternal and child health care services have been
improved day by day and maternal and child death rate reduced. Here are
some figures concerning maternal and child health in Haiphong city in
1997:
|
Of
age under 1 year old: |
32,548
children |
|
Of
age from 1 to 14: |
598,009
children |
Among
them: 37,930 attending
kindergarten/primary school (up to grade 5)
| Females: |
18,741 |
|
Males: |
19,180 |
138,181
attending I secondary school (grade 6 to 9)
|
Females: |
65,772 |
|
Males: |
72,409 |
41,385
attending II secondary school (grade 10 to 12)
|
Females: |
18,970 |
|
Males: |
22,415 |
- 8.6 %
of children
under 15 years old can not go to school.
- In urban areas women make up 52% of population and the rate of
illiterate women is very low.
- 77.6% of the women have knowledge on population policy to
certain
extent.
- 51.7% of the women suffer one of the gynaecology disease.
- The maternal death rate is 0.3%
- The rate of women delivering malnutrition baby (less than 2,500 grams
of weigh) is 12%,
- The death rate of children under 1 year old is 20%
Generally
speaking,
in spite of much attention paid to maternal and child health care
programme, the health of mothers and children is still not as good as
desired because of restricted economic possibilities and low cultural
level of the population.
3.
Measures
to Improve Maternal and Child Health Care Services
- Strengthening
functional system of guiding and implementing
population and family planning programme from municipal to communal
level. Training implementing staff and setting clear objectives to
raise the effectiveness of their activities.
- Conducting
educational and informative activities widely among
different classes and groups of population on population and family
planning programme to achieve socialization of implementing the
programme. The final aim is to mobilize all population communities
taking part in the programme and encourage people to accept family
planning measures by themselves.
- Greatest attention
must be paid to educational and informative work
among peasantry as a class of people with lowest cultural level and
most restricted economic possibility.
- Improving the
network of family planning services throughout the
city, particularly in rural areas, providing easy and cheap family
planning measures and services for all inhabitants. Attention must be
paid to the age group of 20 to 30 with very high fertile possibility.
- Combining and
coordinating implementation of family planning
programme with maternal and child health care services because both
family planning and health care have the same ultimate aim for the
population.
- Implementing state
policy on population and family planning and
maternal and child health care programme must be carried out in the way
so that it suits concrete local conditions.
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